Aquatic birds
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID | decrease @ 1000 ppm | % hatching success in fertile eggs and productivity per female (mean # of 21 d old ducklings) | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15/sex/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID | no effect | eggshell thickness and Ratcliffe index of eggshell quality | Female | Adult | 15/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | no effect | body weight | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory | |
| CRUDE OILS | increase | plasma triglyceride and sodium concentrations, compared to control (based on treatment means at 3, 6, 9 wks) | Not Reported | Juvenile | 25/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 4 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALUMINUM SULFATE | no effect | plasma growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I concentrations | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | increased @ 484.2, 972.0 ug/g diet (nominal concentrations) | incidence of mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 males, 5 females/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PHOSPHORUS (YELLOW OR WHITE) | increased @ 235.0, 484.2, 972.0 ug/g (nominal concentrations) | incidence of clinical signs versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 males, 5 females/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AROCLOR 1254 | 29.5(1.4) ppm | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Aroclor 1254 in carcasses of 3 week old ducklings | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| AROCLOR 1254 | 23.3(1.0) ppm | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Aroclor 1254 in eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 19 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 80 ppm | feed consumption over time versus controls | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 40 and 80 ppm | body weight over exposure period versus controls | Male | Adult | 21/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 7 ppm Se | hatching success versus controls | Female | Adult | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory | |
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 900 ppm B | total SH, liver protein, sorbitol dehyrogenase versus controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 14 pairs/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | reduced @ 624 and 1284 ug/g | delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity and hemoglobin concentrations | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD COMPOUNDS | increased @ 642 and 1284 ug/g | protoporphyrin versus controls | Male | Adult | 10/ Pb treatment; 5/control treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | approx. 5 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS | increased for lead shot | mortality rate versus all other groups | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mo | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental), STEEL COMPOUNDS, TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS | increased for lead shot | incidence of clinical signs versus other groups | Both Male and Female | Adult | 16/treatment | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | weight of 7 day old ducklings versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory | |
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE, SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 10 ppm Se, 10 ppm Hg, 10 ppm Hg + 10 ppm Se | incidence of deformities in embryos that died (1 wk or older) versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 12/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 18 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS | 6.86(0.99) ppm, kidneys; 2.23(0.492) ppm, liver; 0.468(0.277) ppm, gonads | mean(SE) wet wt Bi concentration in organs of Bi-treated birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 males, 20 females per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory | |
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS | 145(6.0) ppm, kidneys; 1086(72) ppm, liver; 32.1(6.3) ppm, gonads | mean(SE) wet wt Fe concentration in organs of Fe-treated birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 males, 20 females per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, IRON COMPOUNDS, LEAD (elemental) | 1.54(0.280) ppm, kidney; 0.637(0.134) ppm, liver; 0.042(0.007) ppm, ovary; 0.098(0.042) ppm, testis | mean(SE) wet wt concentrations of Bi in Bi-dosed birds | Both Male and Female | Adult | 18 pairs/group (control, Fe, Bi); 6 pairs/Pb group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6-8 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased @ all doses | Pb concentrations in wing bone and liver | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 5-6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHLORPYRIFOS | 50.4 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 30 days | Laboratory | |
| TOXAPHENE (POLYCHLORINATED CAMPHENES) | 130 (80.4-210), 30.8 (23.3-40.6), 70.7 (37.6-133) | LD50's determined at ages 36 hr, 7 d, and 6 mos, respectively (95% CI in parenth.) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 36 hr, 7 d, 30 d, or 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| CHLORPYRIFOS | 83.3 mg/kg | LD50 | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 5 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | increased with all doses | brain, liver, and adipose dieldrin concentrations | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 4-6 per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 75 days | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | no effect | bw versus controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 9-25 per group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 75 days | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | serum calcium after PTH injection versus controls | Female | Adult | 6 hens; 45 total eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BENDIOCARB | decreased (73%) | percent inhibition of post-mortem brain cholinesterase activity compared to control | Not Reported | Adult | 4 ducks | Toxicity Factor Datasets | dead |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | no effect | egg production and fertility, compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| PARATHION | no effect | % hatchability, compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 5 trios (2F, 1M)/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced with seleno-L-methionine | duckling survival compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| SELENIUM COMPOUNDS, SELENOMETHIONINE | reduced with seleno-D,L-methionine, seleno-L-methionine, or selenized yeast | number of 6-day-old ducklings produced per female versus controls | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 15 pairs/treatment group, 10 pairs/control group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 29.5 ug/g diet (14 - 28 ug/g, 95% CI) | 24-d LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 - 25 d | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | 16.4 ug/g diet | 24-d LOAEL based on growth impairment | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 - 25 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | no effect | mean daily food consumption rate (166.4 g food/kg body weight) | Female | Adult | 5-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (Technical Grade Mixture) | see citation | table of DDE, DDD and DDT residues in 21 tissues following varying times after application | Not Reported | Not Reported | 1-6/sample | Sandusky Bay, Port Clinton | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DICROTOPHOS | 101.8 (coeff. of variation = 21.6%) | 5 day dietary LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5 days | Laboratory | |
| DIELDRIN | 155.8 (coeff. of variation = 16.0%) | 5 day dietary LC50 | Not Reported | Juvenile | 8-10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 5 days | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MALATHION | 90.6% @ 5 mg/L | brain acetylcholinesterase activity compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory | |
| ACEPHATE | 0% @ 5 mg/L | percent mortality | Not Reported | Juvenile | 4-5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 weeks old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASULAM | 10% @ 4000 mg/kg | percent mortality after 21 days | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory | |
| ASULAM | decreased @ all doses | food consumption compared with controls | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 7 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARATHION | decreased @ 0.75, 7.5 (aqueous) or 0.8 (oil) lb/acre | embryo weight by day 18 of incubation compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 3 or 8 of incubation | Laboratory | |
| MALATHION | increased @ 125 lb/acre | cumulative mortality by day 18 compared with controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Day 3 or 8 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FENSULFOTHION | 48.9% (7.6 SE) | brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory | |
| FONOFOS | 67.1% (4.9 SE) | brain cholinesterase inhibition compared with controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 36/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 14 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPN | decreased @ 90, 270 pmm | plasma alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls | Female | Juvenile | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 20 wks | Laboratory | |
| LEPTOPHOS | decreased @ 270, 540 ppm | body weight compared with controls | Female | Juvenile | 6/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 20 wks | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINDANE | serum (0.20); fat (0.68); muscle (0.30); kidney (0.23); liver (0.14); brain (0.11) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 3x/wk | mean lindane residue levels | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | laying | Laboratory | |
| LINDANE | serum (0.50); fat (1.14); muscle (0.82); kidney (0.28); liver (0.21); brain (0.13) ppm @ 20 mg/kg 7x/wk | mean lindane residue levels | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | laying | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | increase @ 2-15 ul/egg | percent mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-18 of incubation | Laboratory | |
| CRUDE OILS | increase @ 2-15 ul/egg | incidence of survivors with abnormalities versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 100 eggs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | days 2-18 of incubation | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | California Counties | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | increased @ 2 #four shot | mortality versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Sacramento | Laboratory |
| LEAD (elemental) | decreased @ 931,000 shot/acre or 2 #four pellets | spleen weight and total white blood cell counts versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 12 (control); 16 (lab); 63 (field) | Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Sacramento | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD NITRATE | decreased @ 5 ppm (8 d exposure) | mean percentage weight gain versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 26-28/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 9 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | lead only: 112.27 (+/- 44.27); lead-iron: 32.65 (+/- 16.58) ppm, wet wt | lead concentration in bone (mean +/- SE) | Female | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory | |
| LEAD (elemental) | lead only: 10.22 (+/- 1.46); lead-iron: 3.38 (+/- 0.56) ppm, wet wt | lead concentration in bone (mean +/- SE) | Male | Adult | control=2 F, 4 M; treatment=6 M-F pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 6 mos | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACETONE | decreased @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure | embryo weight and length by incubation day 18 versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory | |
| ACETONE | decreased @ 100% solution, incubation days 3 or 8 exposure | embryo survival through incubation day 18 versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 30 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 3 or 8 days of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEPTACHLOR | decreased @ 1000 mg/kg bw | post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness | Female | Adult | 5/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| ARSENITE, SODIUM | decreased @ 100 mg/kg bw | post-dose eggshell thickness versus pre-dose thickness | Female | Adult | 5/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | decreased @ 200 ppm | weight of testes versus controls | Male | Adult | 5 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | first year | Laboratory | |
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 200 ppm | incidence of kidney lesions versus controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | first year | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSENATE, SODIUM | increased @ 10, 100, 300 ppm | incidence of altered brain and liver biochemistry | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 30 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| ARSENATE, SODIUM | increased @ 100 ppm ( 0.3 ppm, dry wt), 300 ppm (1.3 ppm, dry wt) | arsenic concentrations in liver (geometric means in parentheses) | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 30 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NICKEL SULFATE | increased @ 12.5, 50, 200, 800 ppm diet | kidney, blood, liver, and feather concentrations of Ni compared to controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| NICKEL SULFATE | 1.94 (kidney), 0.52 (liver), 0.139 (blood), 68.06 (feathers) ppm, wet wt | mean tissue concentrations @ 800 ppm Ni in diet | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 pairs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SALINE WATER | decreased @ 4000 or 7720 umhos/cm | body weight by day 14 or 16 versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 d | Laboratory | |
| SALINE WATER | increased | plasma protein levels; serum osmolality; salt, kidney and adrenal gland size versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 10 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 2 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METHYLMERCURY CHLORIDE | decreased @ 27, 90 ug Hg | embryo crown to rump length by day 18 of incubation versus controls | Both Male and Female | Embryo | 80 eggs/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | incubation day 3 | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | increased @ 20, 40 ppm | hepatic malondialdehyde concentrations versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 40 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CADMIUM CHLORIDE | increased @ 450 ppm | plasma uric acid, adrenal corticosterone levels | Not Reported | Adult | 12 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 yr | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BORIC ACID, SELENOMETHIONINE | decreased @ 60 ppm Se | body, liver, and spleen weight; tarsus length versus controls | Not Reported | Juvenile | 15 birds/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | day old | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | no effect | egg production versus controls | Female | Adult | 20 females/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIELDRIN | 80.7 ug/g lipid, 30.1 ug/g skin, 1.6 ug/g brain, 4.1 ug/g liver, 1.8 ug/g muscle at 49.3 ug/g food | mean of day 5, 7, 8 (approx. steady state) tissue concentrations | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 1 d | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | increase | body temperature at an ambient temperature of -17C, compared to control | Not Reported | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEWAGE SLUDGE | no effect | immune defenses; resistance to Pasturella multocida estimated by % mortality 14 d after challenge, compared to controls | Male | Adult | 10/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD (elemental) | decreased | blood ALAD enzyme activity after 1,2, or 3 months versus pre-dose controls | Both Male and Female | Adult | 20 per sex | laboratory | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 8 months | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SELENOMETHIONINE | liver: C = 7.4(1-e^-0.382t) muscle: C = 8.0(1-e^-0.037t) |
selenium accumulation equations | Both Male and Female | Adult | 3 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LEAD ACETATE | decreased | % packed cell volume versus controls | Male | Adult | 10 | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINDANE | 18-21% decrease @ 20 mg/kg 7x or 3x/wk | eggshell thickness, compared to control | Female | Adult | 5/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRUDE OILS | increase | length of reproductive cycle; due to prolonged phase of gonadal maturation | Female | Adult | 17 pairs/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 10 mo | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 36-67% decrease @ 10-1000 ppm | salt gland excretion volume, compared to controls | Male | Not Reported | 12/dose | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EPN | decreased @ 12 ug/g (82%); 36 ug/g (77%); 108 ug/g (70%) | percent survival versus controls | Not Reported | Embryo | 10/group | Toxicity Factor Datasets | 72 hr of incubation (time of treatment) | Laboratory |
Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDT (4,4'-) | 1612 ppm | 5 day dietary LC50 | Male | Juvenile | 7 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| DDT (4,4'-) | 1896 ppm | 5 day dietary LC50 | Female | Juvenile | 4 birds | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-) | 0.55 ppm DDE, 0.07 ppm DDD, wet wt | mean concentration in blood | Not Reported | Adult | 16 birds | Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| DDE (4,4'-) | 6.6 ppm DDE, 1.3 ppm DDD, wet wt | mean concentration in whole eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 40 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FUEL OILS | decrease | hatching success (proportion of eggs hatched per clutch) of oiled versus control eggs | Not Reported | Embryo | 61-205 eggs | Cape Fear River | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARSENIC COMPOUNDS, MERCURY COMPOUNDS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS, SELENIUM COMPOUNDS | no effect | half-peak coefficient of variation (HPCV) in DNA content vs. reference samples | Not Reported | Chick | 15 | Ferry Slip Island and South Pelican Island (33deg59'N,77deg57'W) | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDD (4,4'-), DDE (4,4'-), DDT (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | decreased 8.3% compared with pre-1940 reference measurements | eggshell thickness | Female | Adult | 35 eggs | Toxicity Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 14 | Ratio of concentration in carcass (0.64 ppm wet wt mercury) to dietary concentration (fish) | Not Reported | Adult | 10 carcasses | Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| MERCURY (elemental), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | 0.29 ppm wet wt mercury | mean concentration in eggs | Female | Adult | 5 eggs | Lake Pointsett, Dry Lake | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | 162.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) | pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained (from eggs to largest chicks) | Not Reported | Nestling | 20 chicks | Green Bay, Lake Michigan | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | 100.4 pg/g bw gained (wet wt) | pg TCDD equivalents accumulated per gram of body weight gained from egg to largest chick stage | Not Reported | Nestling | 20 chicks | Beaver Islands, Lake Michigan | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN (2,3,7,8-) | 4.0 ug/kg egg (0.8-7.2) | LD50 (95% confidence limits) | Not Reported | Embryo | 83-86 eggs/treatment | Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| PCB 126 (3,3',4,4',5-PENTACHLOROBIPHENYL) | 177 ug/kg egg (77-264) | LD50 (95% confidence limits) | Not Reported | Embryo | 83-86 eggs/treatment | Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba | Toxicity Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Chemical | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DDE (4,4'-), POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS | no effect | shell thickness | Female | Adult | 10 eggs from 10 nests | OR coast | Toxicity Factor Datasets |
Comment
